From Prehistory to Civilization Notes

Before Civilizations: The Prehistoric Era
The Origins and "Ages" of Human Beings:
- 200,000 years ago a human species emerged in southwestern Africa.
- 14,000 years ago, a worldwide human race existed.
- Earliest prehistoric age is the Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age).
- Neolithic Age (New Stone Age) was marked by advanced tool making and beginnings of agriculture.
- Initially, humans were parts of migratory groups which hunted, fished, and gathered plants for food.
The Agricultural Revelation:
- Also known as the Neolithic Revolution, this was a shift from itinerant hunting/gathering to more permanent settlements centered on agriculture (beginning in South Asia).
- Populations rose due to increased ability to produce a surplus of food; thus feeding and caring for young children.
- Hierarchies appeared in village life; the status of women was lowered as women were confined more to domestic duties.
- Invention of the wheel and plow made it possible to produce enough food for storage.
- Villagers were polytheists, worshipped multiple nature, human, and animal gods.

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