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1) The First Triumvirate was a group of three rulers. Along with Crassus, the other two leaders were Julius Caesar and Octavian.
2) After serving as consul for a year, Julius Caesar led his troops in conquering Gaul. His great popularity was a source of concern to Pompey, who managed to have him ordered back to Rome.
3) For the next several years, the armies of these two generals fought in various parts of the world. Julius was victorious in these conflicts and had himself appointed dictator, or absolute ruler.
4) On the Ides of March, March 15, 44 B.C., Julius Caesar was assassinated in the Senate by a group of conspirators.
5) The Second Triumvirate was made up of three of Caesars's supporters: Lepidus, Octavian, and Mark Antony. They would rule for ten years.
6) Later, Octavian forced Lepidus to retire. Then he defeated the combined armies of Mark Antony and Cleopatra.
7) Eventually, Octavian accepted the title of Augustus, which means "exalted ones."
8) Under the rule of Octavian as emperor, Rome entered a 200-year period of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana.
9) Slaves had few of the benefits of this prosperity. All were victims of their owners' whims. Some, called gladiators, were forced to battle to the death before and aren full of eager spectators.
2) After serving as consul for a year, Julius Caesar led his troops in conquering Gaul. His great popularity was a source of concern to Pompey, who managed to have him ordered back to Rome.
3) For the next several years, the armies of these two generals fought in various parts of the world. Julius was victorious in these conflicts and had himself appointed dictator, or absolute ruler.
4) On the Ides of March, March 15, 44 B.C., Julius Caesar was assassinated in the Senate by a group of conspirators.
5) The Second Triumvirate was made up of three of Caesars's supporters: Lepidus, Octavian, and Mark Antony. They would rule for ten years.
6) Later, Octavian forced Lepidus to retire. Then he defeated the combined armies of Mark Antony and Cleopatra.
7) Eventually, Octavian accepted the title of Augustus, which means "exalted ones."
8) Under the rule of Octavian as emperor, Rome entered a 200-year period of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana.
9) Slaves had few of the benefits of this prosperity. All were victims of their owners' whims. Some, called gladiators, were forced to battle to the death before and aren full of eager spectators.
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